American Association of Feed Control Officials - List of Enzymes Used in Animal Feeds
Proposed Enzymes/Source Organisms Acceptable for Use in Animal Feeds
In the case of microbial enzymes, it is understood that they are produced from nonpathogenic and nontoxigenic strains.
| Classification/Name | Source Organism | Substrate | Function | Current Supported Use | |||||
| Carbohydrases | |||||||||
| alpha-Amylase | Animal
pancreatic tissue Aspergillus niger, var. Aspergillus oryzae, var. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus lentus Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis containing a Bacillus stearothermophilus gene for alpha-Amylase Bacillus stearothermophilus Bacillus subtilis, var. Bacillus subtilis containing a Bacillus megaterium gene for alpha-Amylase Bacillus subtilis containing a Bacillus stearothermophilus gene for alpha-Amylase Barley malt Rhizopus niveus Rhizopus oryzae, var. |
corn silage, corn, soybean, meal, wheat, barley | hydrolyzes starch | increases digestibility of starch in pig and poultry diets | |||||
| Maltogenic alpha-Amylase | Bacillus
subtilis containing a Bacillus stearothermophilus gene for Maltogenic alpha- Amylase |
cereals, tubers and legumes | hydrolyzes starch with production of maltose | ||||||
| beta-Amylase | Barley malt | cereals, tubers and legumes | hydrolyzes starch with production of maltose | ||||||
| Cellulase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Humicola insolens Trichoderma longibrachiatum (formerly reesei) |
corn, barley, wheat, wheat bran, rye, milo | breaks down cellulose | increases digestibility of fiber in ruminant and non-ruminant diets | |||||
| alpha-Galactosidase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Mortierella vinaceae var. raffinoseutilizer Saccharomyces sp. |
sweet lupin, soy bean meal | hydrolyzes oligosaccharides | increases digestibility of residual oligosaccharides and disaccharides in pig diets, thus increasing energy value of feed. | |||||
| beta-Glucanase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Bacillus lentus Bacillus subtilis, var. Humicola insolens Trichoderma longibrachiatum (formerly reesei) |
wheat, barley, canola meal, wheat byproduct, oat groats, rye, triticale | hydrolysis of b-glucans, a type of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) | reduction of digest viscosity in poultry diets; decreases anti-nutritional effects of NSP; reduces soluble NSP in disgesta | |||||
| ß-Glucosidase | Aspergillus niger | plants with oligo-saccharides | hydrolyzes cellulose degradation products to glucose | ||||||
| Glucoamylase also known as amlyo- glucosidase |
Aspergillus
niger, var. Aspergillus oryzae, var. Rhizopus niveus Rhizopus oryzae, var. |
wheat | hydrolyzes starch with production of glucose | more complete digestion (improved energy availability) of starch in immature animals | |||||
| Hemicellulase | Aspergillus
aculeatus Aspergillus niger, var. Bacillus lentus Bacillus subtilis, var. Humicola insolens Trichoderma longibrachiatum (formerly reesei) |
milo, corn, barley, rye, wheat, oats, legumes | breaks down hemicellulose | reduction of digesta viscosity; decrease nutritional effects of NSP; reduces soluble NSP in digesta; increases digestibility of hemicelluloses in the feed, thus increasing the energy value of feed; reduction in stickiness of excreted digesta in poultry | |||||
| Invertase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Saccharomyces sp. |
plants with sucrose | hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose | ||||||
| Lactase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Aspergillus oryzae, var. Candida pseudotropicalis Kluyveromyces marxianis var.lactis (formerly Saccharomyces sp.) |
animal source lactose | hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose | ||||||
| beta-Mannanase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Bacillus lentus Trichoderma longibrachiatum |
cereals and legumes | hydrolyzes b -mannans, a component of hemicellulose | reduction of anti-nutritive beta-mannans; reduction of digesta viscosity; increases digestibility of mannans in the feed to improve energy value of feed; reduction in stickiness of excreted digesta in poultry | |||||
| Pectinase | Aspergillus
aculeatus Aspergillus niger, var. Rhizopus oryzae |
corn, wheat | breaks down pectin | more complete hydrolysis (digestion) of pectins in wheat and corn in piglet diets | |||||
| Pullulanase | Bacillus
acidopullulyticus Bacillus licheniformis contain- ing Bacillus deramificans gene for pullulanse |
cereals and legumes | hydrolyzes starch | ||||||
| Xylanase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Bacillus lentus Bacillus subtilis, var. Humicola insolens Trichoderma longibrachiatum (formerly reesei) |
milo, corn, barley, rye, wheat, oats | hydrolyzes xylans, a components of hemicellulose | reduction of digesta viscosity; decreases anti-nutritional effects of NSP; reduces soluble NSP in digesta | |||||
| LIPASES | |||||||||
| Lipase | Animal
pancreatic tissue Aspergillus niger, var. Aspergillus oryzae, var. Candida rugosa (formerly cylindracea) Edible forestomach of calves, kids and lambs Rhizomucor (Mucor-) miehei Rhizopus oryzae |
plant and animal sources of fats and oils | hydrolyzes triglycerides | ||||||
| PROTEASES | |||||||||
| Bromelain | Pineapples
- stem, - fruit |
plant and animal protein | hydrolyzes proteins | ||||||
| Ficin | Figs | plant and animal protein | hydrolyzes proteins | ||||||
| Papain | Papaya | plant and animal protein | hydrolyzes proteins | ||||||
| Pepsin | Porcine or other animal stomachs | plant and animal protein | hydrolyzes proteins | ||||||
| Protease (general) | Aspergillus
niger, var. Aspergillus oryzae, var. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus subtilis, var. |
sweet lupin, soybean meal, corn, canola | hydrolyzes proteins; | hydrolysis of proteins in feed ingredients in pig and poultry diets | |||||
| Trypsin | Animal pancreas | plant and animal protein | hydrolyzes proteins | ||||||
| OXIDOREDUCTASES | |||||||||
| Catalase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Micrococcus lysodeikticus |
hydrogen peroxide | produces water and oxygen from hydrogen peroxide | ||||||
| Glucose Oxidase | Aspergillus niger, var. | glucose | degrades glucose to hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid | ||||||
| PHOS-PHATASES | |||||||||
| Phytase | Aspergillus
niger, var. Aspergillus oryzae, var. |
corn, soybean meal, plant byproducts | hydrolyzes phytate | increases digestibility of phytin-bound phosphorus in swine and poultry diets | |||||